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The Paris Agreement set a vital goal to limit global warming to no more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. To achieve this, humanity must adhere to a strict carbon budget—the maximum amount of additional carbon dioxide (CO₂) we can release into the atmosphere. However, only around 17% of this budget remains, leaving us with approximately 10 years at current emission rates to act decisively.

Following nearly two decades of quiet, Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki—a volcano on the Indonesian island of Flores—began erupting again in December 2023. An especially intense period of activity in November 2024 included several explosive eruptions that generated deadly pyroclastic flows, darkened the landscape with ashfall, and lofted soaring ash plumes that disrupted air travel.

A strong extratropical cyclone hit the Pacific Northwest on November 19, 2024, bringing damaging winds and rain to the region. The storm knocked over trees and left nearly 600,000 people without power in Washington state on November 20, according to news reports.

Geotechnologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and spatial analysis, play a crucial role in the prevention, preparation, response, and recovery stages of natural disasters worldwide.